Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 5, 2025
12:33
A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination
Published on: June 25, 2014
65.6K
The effects of beta-cell mass and function, intercellular coupling, and islet synchrony on [Formula: see text]
Maryam Saadati1, Yousef Jamali1
1Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Scientific Reports
|May 14, 2021
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves beta-cell loss and dysfunction. Our model shows reduced beta-cell mass impairs cell function and synchrony, impacting insulin secretion in T2D.
Area of Science:
- * Endocrinology and metabolic disorders research.
- * Computational biology and mathematical modeling of cellular function.
Background:
- * Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is marked by significant loss of pancreatic beta-cell mass and function.
- * Dysregulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis are key features of T2D pathogenesis.
- * The complex mechanisms underlying beta-cell deficiency in T2D require further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To investigate the impact of beta-cell mass reduction on beta-cell function in Type 2 Diabetes.
- * To model the electrophysiological properties of human beta-cell clusters and their role in T2D.
- * To compare the roles of electrical and metabolic coupling in regulating islet function.
Main Methods:
- * Development and utilization of a comprehensive electrophysiological model of human beta-cell clusters.
- * Simulation of beta-cell mass reduction and its effects on cellular electrophysiology and synchrony.
- * Analysis of gap junction-mediated electrical coupling versus metabolic coupling in islet function.
Main Results:
- * Reduced beta-cell mass leads to functional decline in individual beta-cells and impaired intra-islet synchrony.
- * Changes in oscillatory patterns of membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration affect insulin secretion dynamics.
- * Inter-cellular electrical coupling is identified as a crucial factor in islet function regulation and T2D.
Conclusions:
- * Beta-cell mass is critical for maintaining beta-cell function, synchrony, and insulin secretion in T2D.
- * Electrical coupling plays a more significant role than metabolic coupling in human islet function.
- * Modulating ion channel conductance offers potential therapeutic targets for T2D by influencing beta-cell activity and insulin release.
More Related Videos
05:51Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells
Published on: June 15, 2013
13.1K
09:31Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
Published on: November 5, 2016
7.4K
Related Concept Videos
01:27Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.6K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.6K
01:05Insulin Secretory Vesicles
6.1K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
6.1K
01:01Feedback Loops
61.2K
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
61.2K
01:16Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
5.4K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
5.4K
01:22Target Cell Response to Hormones
4.2K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
4.2K
01:22Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
7.2K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
7.2K