The Hemodynamics of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Patients after Central Shunt Operation

A central shunt (CS) was an important surgery of systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (SPS) for the treatment of complex congenital heart diseases with decreased pulmonary blood flow (CCHDs-DPBF). There was no clear conclusion on how to deal with unclosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) during CS surgery. This study expanded the knowledge base on PDA by exploring the influence of the closing process of the PDA on the hemodynamic parameters for the CS model. The initial three-dimensional (3D) geometry was reconstructed based on the patient's computed tomography (CT) data. Then, a CS configuration with three typical pulmonary artery (PA) dysplasia structures and different sizes of PDA was established. The three-element windkessel (3WK) multiscale coupling model was used to define boundary conditions for transient simulation through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that the larger size of PDA led to a greater systemic-to-pulmonary shunt ratio (Q _S/A), and the flow ratio of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) to right pulmonary artery (RPA) (Q _L/R) was more close to 1, while both the proportion of high wall shear stress (WSS) areas and power loss decreased. The case of PDA nonclosure demonstrates that the aortic oxygen saturation (Sao₂) increased, while the systemic oxygen delivery (Do₂) decreased. In general, for the CS model with three typical PA dysplasia, the changing trends of hemodynamic parameters during the spontaneous closing process of PDA were roughly identical, and nonclosure of PDA had a series of hemodynamic advantages, but a larger PDA may cause excessive PA perfusion and was not conducive to reducing cyanosis symptoms.