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Viewing patterns regarding panoramic radiographs with different pathological lesions: an eye-tracking study.

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Summary

Dental students" viewing patterns improve with education level. Higher-semester students scan more completely and diagnose correctly, while earlier-semester students scan faster but less accurately after radiology lectures.

Keywords:
Dental educationDiagnostic techniques and proceduresEye movementsEye-tracking technologyPanoramic radiography

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Radiology and Diagnosis
  • Ophthalmology and Visual Perception in Medicine

Background:

  • Understanding how dental students

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of viewing patterns in dental students across different educational stages when interpreting panoramic radiographs.

Main Methods:

  • Eye-tracking technology was employed to monitor the gaze patterns of second-semester (pre- and post-radiology lecture) and fifth-semester dental students (n=48) as they viewed 20 panoramic radiographs containing specific pathologies.
  • Key metrics included fixation duration, gaze duration, and scan completeness, alongside diagnostic accuracy.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to compare viewing behaviors and diagnostic outcomes between student groups.

Main Results:

  • Fifth-semester students demonstrated significantly more complete scanning patterns and higher diagnostic accuracy compared to second-semester students (p < 0.001).
  • Following a dedicated radiology lecture, second-semester students increased their scanning speed and focus on areas of interest but did not improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Certain areas, such as the lower edges of radiographs, bony lesions, and sinus regions, were less frequently scanned or overlooked, impacting diagnostic success.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced dental education correlates with more thorough radiographic interpretation and improved diagnostic capabilities.
  • While specific lectures enhance immediate scanning efficiency in earlier semesters, comprehensive diagnostic skill development requires progressive clinical experience.
  • Targeted training may be needed to improve the detection of subtle pathologies in challenging anatomical areas like the sinuses and bone structures.