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Anthrax meningoencephalitis complicated with brain abscess - A case report.

Corneliu Petru Popescu1, Mihaela Zaharia1, Maria Nica1

  • 1Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Dr Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.

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Summary

This case study details a successful treatment for anthrax meningoencephalitis, a rare and often fatal condition. Early diagnosis and intensive antibiotic therapy were key to the patient

Keywords:
AnthraxBrain abscessMeningoencephalitis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive bacterium, typically enters the human body via cutaneous exposure.
  • Anthrax meningitis is a severe complication, often leading to fatal outcomes due to its fulminant nature.

Observation:

  • A shepherd presented with symptoms including fever, headache, and neurological deficits, alongside characteristic cutaneous black eschar lesions.
  • Polymerase chain reaction confirmed Bacillus anthracis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid and skin lesions.
  • Neuroimaging revealed meningeal enhancement and intraparenchymal lesions with hemorrhagic components, evolving into a brain abscess.

Findings:

  • The cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated bacterial meningitis without hemorrhage.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated progressive changes consistent with meningoencephalitis and subsequent brain abscess formation.
  • Successful treatment was achieved through intensive, combined broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy initiated upon admission.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the possibility of successful treatment for anthrax meningoencephalitis, even with brain abscess complications.
  • Prompt diagnosis, supported by molecular testing and characteristic clinical/radiological findings, is crucial.
  • Intensive antibiotic management appears to be a critical factor in achieving favorable outcomes for this rare neurological infection.