Fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for high selective detecting p-nitrophenol through FRET mechanism

A facile, friendly and one-step hydrothermal protocol was used to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) by utilizing hexamethylenetetramine and ethanediamine as the carbon and nitrogen sources. It demonstrated good water solubility and fluorescence properties were stable, whether in acidic or alkaline. Quantum yield (QY) of N-CDs was 8.3% at an excitation wavelength of 325 nm with maximum emission at 425 nm. The fluorescence of N-CDs achieved very high fluorescence quenching of 60% in the detection of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) in aqueous medium via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms. Under optimum conditions, fluorescence probs of N-CDs had strong selectivity to p-NP, and the fluorescence intensity was linearly proportional to p-NP concentration from 0.5 to 70.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.201 μM. The corresponding cell experiments were also performed, indicating that the prepared N-CDs possessed low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the N-CDs can be used for the determination of p-NP in river water and industrial wastewater.