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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.1K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.1K
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

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The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

119
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
119
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

144
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
144
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

183
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Physical Functioning in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Michael F Cosiano1, Rachel Tobin1, Robert J Mentz2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine.

Journal of Cardiac Failure
|May 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction often have impaired physical functioning. Assessing physical functioning offers a potential strategy to improve HFpEF care and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
HFpEFPhysical functioningquality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing health concern with limited treatment options.
  • Comorbidities and physical functioning (PF) significantly impact clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on physical functioning in HFpEF.
  • To discuss the association between PF and clinical/patient-centered outcomes.
  • To explore future directions in managing HFpEF through PF assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of existing research on PF in HFpEF.
  • Analysis of various PF metrics and their prognostic value.
  • Discussion of current and future therapeutic strategies targeting PF.

Main Results:

  • Impaired physical functioning is common in HFpEF patients across multiple metrics.
  • PF metrics show prognostic significance for clinical and patient-reported outcomes in HFpEF.
  • Data on PF in HFpEF is less robust than in other populations, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • Evaluating and detecting poor physical functioning is a promising approach to enhance HFpEF care.
  • Further research is required to confirm if interventions targeting PF improve outcomes.
  • Ongoing clinical trials aim to develop novel methods for detecting, monitoring, and improving PF in HFpEF.