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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Replication initiation: Implications in genome integrity.

Yo-Chuen Lin1, Supriya G Prasanth1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.

DNA Repair
|May 16, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell cycle regulation ensures accurate DNA duplication through precise replication initiation and coordination with DNA repair. This process is vital for maintaining genomic integrity and preventing disease.

Keywords:
DNA replicationGenome stabilityOrigin FiringOrigin Recognition ComplexOrigin licensingPre-replication complex

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell cycle progression requires accurate duplication of billions of nucleotides within hours.
  • DNA replication initiation is a complex process beginning in the G1 phase with pre-replicative complex assembly at replication origins.
  • Replication fidelity is maintained by tight coupling with DNA repair systems and DNA damage response pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how replication initiation events are regulated.
  • To highlight the critical role of replication control in achieving genome stability.
  • To emphasize the importance of coordinating replication with DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on DNA replication regulation.
  • It examines the molecular mechanisms governing pre-replicative complex formation.
  • The review discusses the interplay between replication, DNA repair, and cell cycle checkpoints.

Main Results:

  • Replication initiation is precisely regulated during the G1 phase.
  • The assembly of pre-replicative complexes at origins is a key control point.
  • Coordination between replication and DNA damage response pathways is essential for accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Proper regulation of replication initiation is crucial for genome stability.
  • Defects in replication control can lead to genomic instability and disease.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for preventing diseases associated with replication errors.