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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Mutual (Mis)understanding: Reframing Autistic Pragmatic "Impairments" Using Relevance Theory.

Gemma L Williams1, Tim Wharton1, Caroline Jagoe2

  • 1School of Humanities, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Communication difficulties in autism may stem from differing perspectives, not deficits. Relevance theory suggests mutual understanding is possible when shared relevance is recognized, improving interactions between autistic and non-autistic individuals.

Keywords:
autismcommunicationdouble empathy problemintersubjectivityrelevance theory

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodiversity and Communication Studies
  • Cognitive Linguistics
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Autism is characterized by social communication challenges.
  • The double empathy problem highlights bidirectional communication difficulties between autistic and non-autistic individuals.
  • Relevance theory offers a cognitive framework for understanding utterance interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore communication dynamics between autistic individuals using relevance theory.
  • To investigate the impact of interlocutor pairing (autistic/autistic vs. autistic/non-autistic) on mutual understanding.
  • To examine how embodied experiences influence communication salience and interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • A linguistic ethnographic study involving eight autistic participants.
  • Naturalistic conversations on loneliness with familiar partners, non-autistic strangers, and autistic strangers.
  • Analysis of conversational interactions through the lens of relevance theory.

Main Results:

  • Unexpectedly high mutual understanding was observed across all conversation types.
  • Conversations between two autistic participants showed significantly increased flow, rapport, and intersubjective attunement.
  • In some cases, autistic individuals demonstrated improved communicative competence when conversing with other autistic individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Relevance theory provides a valuable framework for understanding autistic communication.
  • The findings challenge deficit-based models, emphasizing the role of mutual recognition in communication.
  • Interventions should focus on fostering shared relevance and mutual understanding to improve communication between autistic and non-autistic people.