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Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy
Qingqing Xiao1, Xiaotong Li1, Yi Li1
1School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
|May 17, 2021
Abstract:
The initiation and development of major inflammatory diseases, i.e., cancer, vascular inflammation, and some autoimmune diseases are closely linked to the immune system. Biologics-based immunotherapy is exerting a critical role against these diseases, whereas the usage of the immunomodulators is always limited by various factors such as susceptibility to digestion by enzymes in vivo, poor penetration across biological barriers, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.
Keywords:
AAs, amino acidsACT, adoptive T cell therapyAHC, Chlamydia pneumoniaALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAP, ascorbyl palmitateAPCs, antigen-presenting cellsAS, atherosclerosisASIT, antigen-specific immunotherapyAdoptive cell transferApoA–I, apolipoprotein A–IApoB LPs, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteinsAtherosclerosisBMPR-II, bone morphogenetic protein type II receptorBiologicsBregs, regulatory B lymphocytesCAR, chimeric antigen receptorCCR9–CCL25, CC receptor 9–CC chemokine ligand 25CD, Crohn's diseaseCETP, cholesterol ester transfer proteinCTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4CX3CL1, CXXXC-chemokine ligand 1CXCL 16, CXC-chemokine ligand 16CXCR 2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2Cancer immunotherapyCpG ODNs, CpG oligodeoxynucleotidesDAMPs, danger-associated molecular patternsDCs, dendritic cellsDDS, drug delivery systemDMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugsDMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholineDSS, dextran sulfate sodiumDex, dexamethasoneDrug deliveryECM, extracellular matrixECs, endothelial cellsEGFR, epidermal growth factor receptorEPR, enhanced permeability and retention effectET-1, endothelin-1ETAR, endothelin-1 receptor type AFAO, fatty acid oxidationGM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factorHA, hyaluronic acidHDL, high density lipoproteinHER2, human epidermal growth factor-2IBD, inflammatory bowel diseasesICOS, inducible co-stimulatorICP, immune checkpointIFN, interferonIL, interleukinIT-hydrogel, inflammation-targeting hydrogelImmune targetsInflammatory diseasesJAK, Janus kinaseLAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3LDL, low density lipoproteinLPS, lipopolysaccharideLTB4, leukotriene B4MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1MCT, monocrotalineMDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cellMHCs, major histocompatibility complexesMHPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-phosphocholineMIF, migration inhibitory factorMM, multiple myelomaMMP, matrix metalloproteinaseMOF, metal–organic frameworkMPO, myeloperoxidaseMSCs, mesenchymal stem cellsNF-κB, nuclear factor κ-BNK, natural killerNPs, nanoparticlesNSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsPAECs, pulmonary artery endothelial cellsPAH, pulmonary arterial hypertensionPASMCs, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cellsPBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cellsPCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9PD-1, programmed death protein-1PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1PLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acidPulmonary artery hypertensionRA, rheumatoid arthritisROS, reactive oxygen speciesSHP-2, Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase 2SLE, systemic lupus erythematosusSMCs, smooth muscle cellsSrc, sarcoma geneTCR, T cell receptorTGF-β, transforming growth factor βTILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesTIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3TLR, Toll-like receptorTNF, tumor necrosis factorTRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6Teff, effector T cellTh17, T helper 17Tph, T peripheral helperTregs, regulatory T cellsUC, ulcerative colitisVEC, vascular endothelial cadherinVEGF, vascular endothelial growth factorVISTA, V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activationYCs, yeast-derived microcapsulesbDMARDs, biological DMARDshsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive proteinmAbs, monoclonal antibodiesmPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressurenCmP, nanocomposite microparticlerHDL, recombinant HDLrhTNFRFc, recombinant human TNF-α receptor II-IgG Fc fusion proteinscFv, single-chain variable fragmentα1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor
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