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The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Iran: An updated systematic review
Mitra Hakim Shooshtari1, Behnam Shariati1, Leila Kamalzadeh1
1Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Iran varies significantly among studies. This systematic review highlights the need to consider assessment methods and sampling when interpreting ADHD prevalence data in children and adolescents.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Pediatric Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents.
- Accurate ADHD prevalence data is vital for healthcare resource allocation and research prioritization in Iran.
- Existing prevalence estimates for ADHD in Iran are inconsistent, necessitating a comprehensive review.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct an updated systematic review of ADHD prevalence in Iranian children and adolescents.
- To synthesize existing data and identify trends in ADHD prevalence within the Iranian population.
- To highlight factors influencing prevalence estimates in the reviewed studies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of literature published between January 1990 and December 2018.
- Searched multiple databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Iranian databases.
- Utilized the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies to evaluate study quality.
Main Results:
- Included 34 original studies encompassing 33,621 Iranian children, adolescents, and adults.
- Studies primarily focused on preschool, school-aged, and adolescent populations, with some including university students.
- Significant heterogeneity in reported ADHD prevalence estimates was observed across studies.
Conclusions:
- Comparing ADHD prevalence estimates across studies is challenging due to variations in assessment methods and sampling strategies.
- Methodological differences significantly impact prevalence data, requiring careful consideration during interpretation.
- Further research should standardize methodologies to allow for more accurate comparisons of ADHD prevalence in Iran.
Abstract:
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. There is a controversy over the true prevalence of ADHD in Iran, the knowledge of which is crucial for allocating health care resources and identifying research priorities. This is an updated systematic review of the prevalence of ADHD in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: For this systematic review, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, IranPsych, IranMedex, Irandoc, Google Scholar, and grey literature were reached for publications between January 1990 and December 2018 that reported prevalence estimates of ADHD in Iran. Parallel independent assessments were conducted. The Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies was used to assess the overall quality of studies. Results: A total of 34 original studies covering 33 621 Iranian children, adolescents, and adults were included. The included studies were mostly conducted on the population of preschool, elementary, middle, and high school-aged children as well as adolescents. Also, 6 studies addressed university students. Prevalence estimates of ADHD reported varied substantially across the studies and offered a range of heterogeneous data. Conclusion: Overall, making exact comparisons among studies was not easy because the assessment method and the type of sampling could impact prevalence estimates. These factors need to be considered when comparing data from different studies.
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