Pediatric Anaphylaxis: Etiology and Predictive Factors in an Emergency Setting

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Anaphylaxis is a critical, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring prompt medical intervention.
• Understanding pediatric anaphylaxis prevalence and triggers is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the age-related prevalence and common etiologies of anaphylaxis in a pediatric population.
• To identify risk factors associated with severe anaphylaxis and unfavorable outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of pediatric anaphylaxis cases.
• Statistical analysis including univariate analysis to determine correlations and odds ratios.

Main Results:

• Anaphylaxis prevalence increased with age in children, with adolescents showing the highest frequency.
• Food-induced anaphylaxis was the most common cause, significantly correlated with a history of food allergy (P=.029).
• Insect sting-induced anaphylaxis was associated with cardiovascular symptoms (P<.001) and severity; older age predicted severe reactions (OR=1.1).

Conclusions:

• Physicians should consider increased severity of anaphylaxis in older children, especially with insect sting triggers.
• A 24-hour hospital observation is recommended for pediatric anaphylaxis, particularly in adolescents, to monitor for biphasic reactions.