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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

80.0K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
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Transcription Factor Dynamics.

Feiyue Lu1, Timothée Lionnet1

  • 1Institute for Systems Genetics and Cell Biology Department, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|May 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding transcription factor (TF) dynamics and nuclear environments is key to predicting gene transcription. Visualizing TF-TF and TF-chromatin interactions reveals transient contacts and clustering, crucial for gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Predicting gene transcription requires understanding how transcription factors (TFs) locate and interact with target genes within the nucleus.
  • Previous models often overlooked the dynamic nature of TF behavior and the nuclear microenvironment's role in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the real-time dynamics of transcription factors (TFs) in living cells.
  • To elucidate the role of TF transient interactions and clustering in gene transcription regulation.
  • To explore how nuclear microenvironments influence TF behavior and transcriptional outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques to visualize TF dynamics in real-time within living cells.
  • Employed biophysical models to analyze and interpret the observed kinetic data of TF-chromatin interactions.

Main Results:

  • Observed that most transcription factors (TFs) exhibit transient contact with chromatin.
  • Demonstrated that TFs can form clusters via their intrinsically disordered regions.
  • Highlighted the significance of dynamic nuclear events and structured microenvironments in transcription.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription regulation involves complex kinetic events and spatially structured nuclear microenvironments.
  • While some promoters respond directly to TF binding, many utilize intricate regulatory layers for diverse phenotypic outputs.
  • Combining advanced imaging with biophysical models is essential for deciphering the kinetic code of transcription.