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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Term Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

Marianna Cortese1, Dag Moster2,3, Allen J Wilcox4

  • 1From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|May 18, 2021
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Reduced fetal growth in term babies significantly increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring fetal growth for term births.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a known risk factor for neurodevelopmental disabilities.
  • However, most neurodevelopmental disabilities occur in term births.
  • The impact of fetal growth restriction on term babies is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between term birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • To specifically examine the role of fetal growth restriction in term infants.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based study using Norwegian health registries.
  • Included 1.8 million singleton term infants (39-41 weeks gestation).
  • Excluded infants with malformations; adjusted for confounders and used sibling analysis.

Main Results:

  • Lower birth weight (<3.5 kg) in term infants was associated with increased odds of neurodevelopmental disabilities.
  • Odds ratios ranged from 3.5 for autism spectrum disorder to 25 for cerebral palsy.
  • Associations remained significant after sibling analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced fetal growth is a strong predictor of diverse neurodevelopmental disabilities.
  • This association is independent of preterm delivery.
  • Monitoring fetal growth is crucial for identifying term infants at risk.