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Iron-deficiency anaemia in childhood: a risk factor for severe venous thrombosis?

Antonietta Curatola1,2, Serena Ferretti1,2, Antonio Gatto1

  • 1Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.

Paediatrics and International Child Health
|May 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Severe iron deficiency anaemia can be a significant risk factor for venous thrombosis in children, even without other underlying illnesses. This condition increases thrombotic tendency, highlighting the need for its consideration in unexplained thrombosis cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is prevalent in children.
  • Venous thrombosis (VT) in children is uncommon, especially without predisposing conditions.
  • The link between IDA and VT in pediatric patients requires further investigation.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of venous thrombosis are presented.
  • Case 1: A 17-year-old female on oral contraceptives developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
  • Case 2: A 3-year-old female presented with symptoms of anemia and vomiting, diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).

Findings:

  • Both patients exhibited severe iron deficiency anaemia.
  • Severe IDA was identified as a potential contributing factor to thrombotic events.
  • Iron deficiency anaemia can increase thrombotic tendency in low-risk individuals.

Implications:

  • Consider iron deficiency anaemia as a critical risk factor in pediatric patients with unexplained venous thrombosis.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms linking IDA and thrombosis in children.
  • Early detection and management of IDA may help prevent thrombotic events in pediatric populations.

Keywords:
Anaemiairon-deficiencyvenous thrombosis

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