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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
448

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Related Experiment Video

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Noninvasive Neuromodulation in Headache: An Update.

Joseph Lloyd1, Maryna Biloshytska1, Anna P Andreou2

  • 1Headache Research-Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Neurology India
|May 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Noninvasive neuromodulation shows promise for migraine treatment. Evidence supports single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and supraorbital nerve stimulation for acute and preventive care, with more research needed for other methods.

Keywords:
Auricular vagus nerveTranscranial magnetic stimulationmigraineneuromodulationremote electrical stimulationsupraorbital nerve stimulationtranscranial direct current stimulationvagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent, disabling primary headache disorder with unmet treatment needs.
  • Noninvasive neuromodulation offers a promising avenue for treating primary headache disorders.
  • Numerous devices have been investigated for neuromodulatory treatment of headaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on neuromodulation treatments for primary headache disorders.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various neuromodulation techniques in managing migraine and other primary headaches.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of randomized controlled trials, open-label, and real-world studies.
  • Inclusion of studies on central and peripheral cephalic and noncephalic neuromodulation modalities.
  • Focus on primary headache disorders, including migraine, cluster headache, and others.

Main Results:

  • Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, supraorbital nerve stimulation, and remote electrical stimulation show potential for migraine. Evidence is stronger for episodic than chronic migraine.
  • These modalities also show promise for migraine prevention in episodic and chronic forms.
  • External vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation require further investigation for migraine. External vagus nerve stimulation shows some efficacy in episodic cluster headache and specific other headache types.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulation is a promising nonpharmacological approach for primary headaches.
  • Further research with robust blinding and cost reduction is needed for wider adoption.
  • Increased clinician experience with neuromodulation techniques is crucial for broader implementation.