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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Mapping Rora expression in resting and activated CD4+ T cells.

Liora Haim-Vilmovsky^1,2, Johan Henriksson^1,2, Jennifer A Walker³

¹EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

|May 18, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The transcription factor Rora plays a key role in CD4+ T cells, particularly Th2 cells, regulating immune responses and lung inflammation. It acts as a negative regulator of the immune system, influenced by its microenvironment.

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

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Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

The transcription factor Rora (Retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor A) is known for its roles in innate lymphoid cells (ILC2, ILC3), macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Treg).
Its specific function within CD4+ T cell subsets, especially T helper 2 (Th2) cells, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Rora in CD4+ T cells, with a focus on Th2 cells.
To elucidate Rora's function in vivo using type 2 infection models and in vitro using cell culture systems.

Main Methods:

Utilized overexpression and CD4-conditional Rora-knockout mouse models.
Employed a RORA-reporter mouse for tracking Rora activity.
Conducted in vitro stimulation screens of CD4+ T cells coupled with RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq).
Analyzed gene expression changes in response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the critical role of Rora in CD4+ T cells for controlling lung inflammation during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection.
Identified downstream genes regulated by Rora using RNA-seq.
Discovered IL-33 and CCL7 as key upstream regulators of Rora through systematic stimulation screens.

Conclusions:

Rora functions as a negative regulator of the immune system within CD4+ T cells, impacting lung inflammation.
Rora's activity is influenced by the local microenvironment and upstream signals like IL-33 and CCL7.