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COVID-19: breaking down a global health crisis
Saad I Mallah1,2, Omar K Ghorab3, Sabrina Al-Salmi3
1School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain. saadimallh@gmail.com.
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
|May 19, 2021
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of infections and deaths globally. This review synthesizes the virus
Area of Science:
- Virology and Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a significant global health crisis.
- SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect humans, following MERS and SARS, characterized by its spike glycoprotein.
- The virus primarily affects the respiratory system, with flu-like symptoms and severe complications like pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, posing higher risks to the elderly and immunocompromised.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- To synthesize the global impact of SARS-CoV-2 on various scales.
- To summarize current understanding of transmission, management, and therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing literature and data on COVID-19.
- It examines epidemiological trends, clinical manifestations, and transmission dynamics.
- The review also assesses the efficacy of various interventions, including public health measures, supportive care, and pharmaceutical treatments.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 spreads mainly through respiratory droplets and fomites, necessitating stringent hygiene and social distancing measures.
- Effective management involves supportive care, anticoagulation, and respiratory support.
- Promising therapeutic agents include dexamethasone, remdesivir, and tocilizumab, while others like hydroxychloroquine have shown less efficacy. Accelerated vaccination efforts are underway globally.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 has had a profound global impact, necessitating multifaceted strategies for containment and mitigation.
- Continued research and global cooperation are crucial for managing the pandemic and its consequences.
- Public health interventions, alongside advancements in treatment and vaccination, are key to controlling the spread and impact of SARS-CoV-2.
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