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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

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Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Model for Continuous Quality Improvement of an Established Simulated Patient

Sarah E Vordenberg1, Michael A Smith1, Heidi L Diez1

  • 1University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI.

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|May 19, 2021
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Summary

A continuous quality improvement process enhanced the simulated patient (SP) program, leading to better training materials and feedback mechanisms. These changes improved the SP program for students, SPs, and faculty.

Keywords:
Standardized patientpharmacy educationquality improvementsimulated patient

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Simulation
  • Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Simulated patient (SP) programs are crucial for medical education.
  • Enhancing SP programs requires structured quality improvement (QI) processes.
  • Previous QI efforts in SP programs have focused on specific aspects rather than comprehensive improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the implementation of a continuous quality improvement (QI) process for a simulated patient (SP) program.
  • To outline the initial steps taken to strengthen the SP program and optimize student learning.
  • To evaluate the impact of QI changes on student, SP, and faculty experiences.

Main Methods:

  • A dedicated workgroup of clinical faculty was formed to oversee the QI process.
  • The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model was employed for incremental quality improvements.
  • Data were collected from students, SPs, and faculty to identify areas for enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Developed comprehensive handbooks and clearer program materials for all stakeholders.
  • Renamed 'standardized patients' to 'simulated patients' to clarify roles.
  • Piloted streamlined and electronic rubrics, reduced SP training cases, and consolidated training locations.
  • Gathered enhanced feedback from SPs through a dedicated retreat.

Conclusions:

  • Initial QI changes were well-received by students, SPs, and faculty.
  • The data and changes informed the hiring of a full-time employee dedicated to SP program assessment and support.
  • Formal quantitative and qualitative assessments of the SP program have been initiated.