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The Interplay Between Hyperthyroidism and Ovarian Cytoarchitecture in Albino Rats.

Tayyaba Mahmud¹, Qudsia U Khan², Sarah Saad²

¹Anatomy, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK.

|May 19, 2021

Summary

Hyperthyroidism in female rats significantly altered ovarian follicle development and reduced ovarian size, impacting female fertility. This suggests a direct effect of thyroid hormones on ovarian function.

Keywords:

fertility hyperthyroidism ovarian follicle wistar rats

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Reproductive Biology
Gynecology

Background:

Hyperthyroidism is frequently associated with menstrual irregularities and reduced fertility in women.
The precise mechanisms by which thyroid dysfunction affects the female reproductive system remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of experimentally induced hyperthyroidism on ovarian folliculogenesis.
To examine the effects of hyperthyroidism on the hypophyseal-gonadal axis in a rat model.

Main Methods:

Adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into control and hyperthyroid groups.
Hyperthyroidism was induced using daily intraperitoneal injections of levothyroxine.
Ovarian morphology and follicle development were assessed after 14 days.

Main Results:

Successful induction of hyperthyroidism was confirmed by significantly decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
Hyperthyroid rats exhibited significantly reduced ovarian size and ovarian capsule thickness.
A notable increase in early-stage follicles (primordial, primary, secondary) and a decrease in their size were observed.

Conclusions:

Hyperthyroidism adversely affects ovarian cytoarchitecture and folliculogenesis.
These ovarian changes likely contribute to the impaired fertility observed in hyperthyroid females.
Thyroid hormones may exert direct effects on ovarian function via specific receptors.