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Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Genetic Modification of Cyanobacteria by Conjugation Using the CyanoGate Modular Cloning Toolkit

Genetic Modification of Cyanobacteria by Conjugation Using the CyanoGate Modular Cloning Toolkit

Published on: October 31, 2019

Genetically Programmable Microbial Assembly.

Mark T Kozlowski¹, Bradley R Silverman¹, Christopher P Johnstone¹

¹Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology

|May 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered microbes can be programmed to assemble into specific structures using protein domains. This bacterial aggregation technology enables control over microbial communities for various applications.

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Area of Science:

Synthetic Biology
Microbial Engineering

Background:

Engineered microbial communities offer potential in environmental remediation, microbiome engineering, and chemical synthesis.
Controlling the spatial organization of microbes is crucial for harnessing their collective functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop methods for directing bacterial aggregation into distinct architectures.
To demonstrate the programmable control and reversibility of microbial assembly.

Main Methods:

Utilizing inducible surface expression of heteroassociative protein domains (SpyTag/SpyCatcher, SynZip17/18) to mediate bacterial aggregation.
Controlling aggregate size by tuning the display of associative proteins.
Investigating the activation of quorum-sensing circuits via programmed aggregation.
Demonstrating reversibility of SynZip-mediated assembly using competitor peptides.

Main Results:

Successfully directed bacterial aggregates into several distinct architectures.
Demonstrated that aggregate size can be tuned by controlling protein display levels.
Showcased the activation of a quorum-sensing circuit through programmed aggregation.
Achieved reversible bacterial assembly using SynZip-mediated aggregation.

Conclusions:

Genetically programmable bacterial assembly offers a novel platform for engineering microbial communities.
This technology has broad implications for environmental technology, agriculture, human health, and bioreactor design.