Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles found in biofluids.
• EVs encapsulate diverse molecular cargo (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) reflecting their cell of origin and pathophysiological state.
• The heterogeneity of EVs presents analytical challenges but holds promise for disease biomarker discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in extracellular vesicle (EV) detection and analysis techniques.
• To discuss the progress and limitations of current EV assessment methods.
• To explore the clinical translation potential of EV-based liquid biopsies for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on EV purification and detection technologies.
• Analysis of analytical platforms for EV characterization.
• Discussion of challenges and opportunities in EV research.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in EV analytical platforms, enhancing diagnostic prospects.
• EVs offer a non-invasive approach for prognostication through molecular signatures in biofluids.
• Current techniques require further refinement for robust EV purification and evaluation.

Conclusions:

• EV-based liquid biopsy holds promise for augmenting current diagnostic and prognostic paradigms.
• Continued development of EV detection techniques is crucial for clinical translation.
• EV analysis can potentially revolutionize disease management across various settings.