Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Minerals

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

Major...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

ERGA-BGE reference genome of the Eurasian Woodcock ( <i>Scolopax rusticola</i>), a game bird species with isolated populations of conservation interest.

Open research Europe·2026

Same author

The Vertebrate Genomes Project Phase I: A global reference genome resource.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

ERGA-BGE reference genome of <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i>, a globally invasive freshwater fish.

Open research Europe·2026

Same author

Chromosome-level genomes of scleractinian corals: gene prediction and functional annotation.

Scientific data·2026

Same author

Genome evolution in parthenogenetic nematodes shaped by chromosome rearrangements and introgression.

Genome research·2026

Same author

Elevated retrocopy burden and sloth-specific expansions illuminate mammalian genome evolution.

BMC biology·2026

Same journal

Segmentally Duplicated Regulatory Elements Undergo Human-Specific Rewiring.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

Same journal

The life history of recessive deleterious alleles as seen through the eyes of a honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

Same journal

Severe bottleneck of ancient Homo populations: Insights from computational modeling and relevant fossil evidence.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

Same journal

Population Epigenetics: Deciphering DNA Methylation Diversity and its Implications for Health, Disease, and Evolution.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

Same journal

Genomic signature of repeated transitions to diurnality in spiders.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

Same journal

Phylogenomic blind spots: The limits of UCE and BUSCO loci in the presence of gene flow.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

A Bivalve Biomineralization Toolbox.

Tejaswi Yarra^1,2, Mark Blaxter³, Melody S Clark²

¹Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Molecular Biology and Evolution

|May 20, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified 18 new proteins involved in mollusc shell calcification, expanding our understanding of biomineralization. This discovery aids in studying shell evolution and environmental impacts.

Keywords:

Crassostrea gigas Mytilus edulis Pecten maximus biomineralization damage-repair transcriptomics

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

Published on: September 27, 2024

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Published on: February 28, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

Published on: September 27, 2024

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Published on: February 28, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomineralization
Marine Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Mollusc shell formation involves calcite deposition catalyzed by enzymes and shell matrix proteins (SMPs).
Understanding bivalve biomineralization is complex due to diverse shell forms and protein evolution via domain shuffling.
A core set of SMPs essential for shell production across species has been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify novel proteins involved in bivalve mollusc shell calcification.
To define a minimal set of protein domains required for creating solid microstructures from calcium carbonate.
To investigate the impact of environmental changes on biomineralization processes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of gene expression during shell repair in three bivalve species (Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus edulis, Pecten maximus).
Utilized a matched pair design to minimize inter-individual variation.
Integrated data with a database of published biomineralization SMPs.

Main Results:

Identified 18 new shared proteins likely involved in shell calcification processes.
Discovered genes related to ion transport potentially crucial for calcification and acid-base balance.
Established a minimal functional protein domain set for producing solid microstructures.

Conclusions:

The study expands the repertoire of candidate biomineralization proteins in bivalves.
Findings are crucial for understanding molluscan shell evolution and biomimicry.
Provides insights into the potential impacts of environmental change on shell formation.