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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

10.5K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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A medium-range structure motif linking amorphous and crystalline states.

Si Lan1,2, Li Zhu3, Zhenduo Wu4

  • 1Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. lansi@njust.edu.cn.

Nature Materials
|May 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a medium-range ordered structure, the six-membered tricapped trigonal prism cluster (6M-TTP), in a Pd-Ni-P amorphous alloy. This discovery reveals a structural link between amorphous and crystalline phases, clarifying medium-range order in amorphous materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Amorphous materials lack long-range order but exhibit short-range order (2-5 Å).
  • Medium-range order (5-20 Å) in amorphous materials has been poorly understood.
  • Linking amorphous and crystalline structures is challenging due to differing compositions and building blocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the elusive medium-range order in amorphous materials.
  • To identify structural links between amorphous and crystalline phases.
  • To characterize the medium-range order in a Pd-Ni-P amorphous alloy.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of an intermediate crystalline cubic phase in a Pd-Ni-P amorphous alloy.
  • Structural analysis to reveal medium-range order characteristics.
  • Characterization of cluster packing and connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a six-membered tricapped trigonal prism cluster (6M-TTP) as the medium-range ordered structure (12.5 Å length scale).
  • Demonstration that 6M-TTP clusters can pack periodically to form a cubic phase.
  • Evidence of a structural link at the medium-range length scale between amorphous and crystalline Pd-Ni-P phases.

Conclusions:

  • The connectivity of 6M-TTP clusters distinguishes crystalline from amorphous phases.
  • This study provides insights into amorphous material structure beyond short-range order.
  • The findings facilitate understanding of amorphous material-crystalline phase relationships.