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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Soybean Hairy Root Transformation for the Analysis of Gene Function
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Elevated carbon dioxide reduces a common soybean leaf endophyte.

Natalie Christian1,2, Baldemar Espino Basurto2, Amber Toussaint2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.

Global Change Biology
|May 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases beneficial bacteria in soybean leaves. This impacts interactions with fungi, potentially affecting plant health in agricultural and natural systems.

Keywords:
MethylobacteriumFACE (free-air CO2 enrichment)Glycine max (soybean)endophytesfungiin vitro assaysmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial ecology
  • Plant-microbe interactions
  • Climate change biology

Background:

  • Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) studies reveal climate change impacts on plant physiology.
  • Understanding climate change effects on plant-endophyte interactions is crucial but limited.
  • Endophytes are microbial mediators of plant physiology and ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how elevated atmospheric CO2 affects soybean leaf endophyte communities.
  • To determine the interaction between a common bacterial endophyte (Methylobacterium) and co-occurring fungi.
  • To assess if elevated CO2 alters fungal traits and their interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the SoyFACE facility for field experiments on soybean (Glycine max).
  • Analyzed endophyte community composition under elevated CO2 conditions.
  • Conducted in vitro assays to study Methylobacterium's antagonism towards fungal endophytes.
  • Compared traits and responses of fungi isolated from ambient vs. elevated CO2 plots.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 altered soybean leaf endophyte communities, decreasing Methylobacterium abundance.
  • Methylobacterium abundance negatively correlated with co-occurring fungal endophytes.
  • Methylobacterium antagonized most fungal endophytes in vitro, especially when pre-established.
  • Fungi from elevated CO2 plots showed altered growth and responses to Methylobacterium.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated CO2 reduces the abundance of a key bacterial endophyte (Methylobacterium) in soybean leaves.
  • This reduction impacts interactions between bacterial and fungal endophytes.
  • Changes in endophyte communities due to climate change have significant, unexplored implications for ecosystems.