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Metabolic Changes in Pediatric HIV-Positive Patients and Potential Lifestyle Interventional Strategies

Falguni Patel1, Christina Kennedy2

  • 1Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA.

Cureus
|May 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Early lifestyle interventions are crucial for children with HIV to prevent future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Standardized care protocols are needed to address knowledge gaps and manage metabolic changes in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy has improved survival in HIV patients, leading to increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
  • Metabolic syndrome in the HIV population is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular occurrence and mortality in adulthood.
  • Limited research exists on metabolic changes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV-positive children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early intervention in HIV-positive children to mitigate future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • To identify potential clinical interventions for reducing CVD risk in pediatric HIV patients.
  • To underscore the need for standardized care protocols for HIV-positive children regarding metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review examining metabolic changes and CVD risk factors in the HIV population.
  • Analysis of existing studies on cardiovascular health in HIV-positive children.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps in current research.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic syndrome is a growing concern in the HIV population, increasing adult cardiovascular mortality.
  • Lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise can decrease CVD risk in HIV patients.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the long-term cardiovascular health of HIV-positive children.

Conclusions:

  • Early intervention, including lifestyle modifications and routine monitoring, is essential for HIV-positive children to reduce adult CVD risk.
  • A standardized protocol is necessary for managing metabolic health and preventing CVD mortality in pediatric HIV cases.
  • Further research is critically needed to address the unique challenges faced by HIV-positive children.

Keywords:
adolescent nutritionlifestyle interventionpediatric hiv infection

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