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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

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Liver Organoids: Recent Developments, Limitations and Potential.

Sean Philip Harrison1,2, Saphira Felicitas Baumgarten1,2, Rajneesh Verma1,2

  • 1Hybrid Technology Hub-Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Frontiers in Medicine
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can generate patient-specific liver models for disease and toxicity studies. Developing organotypic liver surrogates with in vivo-like architecture is crucial for advancing therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a patient-specific alternative to primary liver tissues for research.
  • Current iPSC differentiation protocols often focus on 3D or organotypic models to mimic in vivo systems.
  • Existing liver organoids, while useful for specific functions, lack the complexity and flexibility of ex vivo tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of iPSC-derived liver models for disease, toxicity, and drug development.
  • To emphasize the need for organotypic liver surrogates that recapitulate in vivo architecture and cell-cell interactions.
  • To advocate for the integration of advanced technologies like microfluidics with organoid development.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
3D microscopyliver architectureliver developmentorganoidspluripotent stem cellsstem cell differentiation

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  • Derivation of liver cell types from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Development of 3D and organotypic differentiation protocols.
  • Construction of multi-cellular liver organoids with improved hepatic phenotypes.
  • Exploration of co-development with imaging technologies and microfluidic chip technology.

    • Main Results:

    • iPSC-derived liver models enable investigation of development, toxicity, genetic, and infectious diseases.
    • Organotypic differentiation facilitates mimicry of in vivo systems, including tissue architecture and cell crosstalk.
    • Multi-cellular liver organoids show improved hepatic function compared to simpler models.
    • The development of organotypic liver surrogates with in vivo-like interactions is still needed.

    Conclusions:

    • Organotypic liver surrogates derived from iPSCs hold significant promise for preclinical research and drug development.
    • Advancements in imaging and microfluidic technologies are essential for visualizing and enhancing these complex models.
    • Such sophisticated liver models could ultimately contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.