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Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
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PD-L1 in Cytological Samples: A Review and a Practical Approach.

Eva Tejerina1, Laura Garca Tobar2, Jos I Echeveste2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.

Frontiers in Medicine
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for predicting immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Research is exploring PD-L1 testing feasibility on cytological samples, addressing key challenges for broader application.

Keywords:
PD-L1cytopathologyimmunocytochemistrymolecular cytopathologynon-small cell lung cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Biomarker Analysis

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management increasingly relies on predictive biomarkers.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a cost-effective method for biomarker testing, particularly for programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in immunotherapy.
  • Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens are standard for PD-L1 assays, but research is expanding to cytological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of cytopathology in analyzing PD-L1 expression for immunotherapy.
  • To discuss the feasibility and challenges of using cytological samples for PD-L1 testing.
  • To outline future directions for cytopathology in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current knowledge on PD-L1 testing in cytopathology.
  • Analysis of existing research on immunocytochemistry (ICC) for PD-L1 in NSCLC.
  • Identification of key issues in applying PD-L1 assays to cytological specimens.

Main Results:

  • IHC is the primary method for PD-L1 assessment in NSCLC, guiding immunotherapy decisions.
  • Promising results exist for PD-L1 testing on cytological samples, but standardization is needed.
  • Challenges include sample type, pre-analytical variables, cyto-histological correlation, and inter-observer agreement.

Conclusions:

  • Cytopathology shows potential for PD-L1 analysis in NSCLC patients undergoing immunotherapy.
  • Addressing pre-analytical factors and ensuring reliable cyto-histological correlation are critical for clinical implementation.
  • Further research is needed to optimize ICC methods and establish inter-observer agreement for cytological PD-L1 testing.