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Herpesviruses in Reptiles.

God'spower Richard Okoh1, Paul F Horwood1, David Whitmore1

  • 1Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.

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|May 24, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reptilian herpesviruses cause various diseases, but non-specific signs and limited data hinder diagnosis and control. This review synthesizes current knowledge on reptilian herpesvirus taxonomy, pathogenesis, pathology, and epidemiology.

Keywords:
epidemiologyfibropapillomatosisherpesvirusespathogenesispathologyreptilestaxonomy

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Area of Science:

  • Herpetology
  • Virology
  • Veterinary Pathology

Background:

  • Herpesviruses have been identified in reptiles since the 1970s, causing significant diseases.
  • Early classifications relied on morphology and biology; molecular advancements have revealed novel viruses and phylogenetic relationships.
  • Reptilian herpesvirus infections present with non-specific signs (stomatitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, proliferative lesions), complicating diagnosis and disease burden assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current published knowledge on reptilian herpesviruses.
  • To consolidate information on taxonomy, pathogenesis, pathology, and epidemiology.
  • To highlight challenges in disease diagnosis, reporting, and control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published research on reptilian herpesviruses.
  • Analysis of taxonomic classifications based on morphological, biological, and molecular data.
  • Synthesis of information on disease signs, pathogenesis, pathology, and epidemiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Numerous reptilian herpesviruses have been identified, with ongoing discoveries through molecular techniques.
  • Non-pathognomonic clinical signs often lead to misdiagnosis and underreporting of herpesvirus infections.
  • Challenges including complex life histories, sampling bias, and poor monitoring impede impact assessment in wild and captive reptiles.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of reptilian herpesviruses is crucial for effective disease management.
  • Improved diagnostic criteria and monitoring systems are needed to accurately assess and control herpesvirus diseases in reptiles.
  • Further research into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these viruses is warranted.