Raising and Maintaining Xenopus tropicalis from Tadpole to Adult

Xenopus tropicalis is a powerful model organism for cell and developmental biology research. Recently, precise gene-editing methods such as CRISPR-Cas9 have allowed facile creation of mutants. The ability to raise and maintain lines of wild-type and mutant animals through all life stages is thus critical for researchers using this model organism. The long fertile life (>8-10 yr) and relatively hardy nature of X. tropicalis makes this a straightforward process. Environmental parameters such as water temperature, pH, and conductivity often vary slightly among husbandry protocols. However, the stability of these variables is essential for rearing success. This protocol describes conditions to optimally raise and maintain X. tropicalis from embryos to adulthood.