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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

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Published on: April 11, 2025

3D printable diffractive optical elements by liquid immersion.

Reut Orange-Kedem^1,2, Elias Nehme^2,3, Lucien E Weiss^2,4

¹Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Nature Communications

|May 25, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a 3D printing method for diffractive optical elements (DOEs). This technique simplifies fabrication, reduces costs, and enables ultrasensitive microscopy applications like single-molecule localization.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Microscopy and Imaging
Nanofabrication

Background:

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) control light wavefronts but require challenging nanoscale fabrication.
Current methods for DOE production are complex and expensive, limiting their widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simplified and cost-effective fabrication method for diffractive optical elements.
To demonstrate the applicability of the fabricated DOEs in ultrasensitive biological imaging.

Main Methods:

Immersion of DOEs in a near-index-matched solution to enable feature size scaling.
Utilizing modern 3D printing technologies for microscale DOE fabrication.
Modifying the microscope's point-spread-function (PSF) using the fabricated optical element.

Main Results:

Successfully scaled DOE feature dimensions from tens of nanometers to tens of microns.
Demonstrated cost reduction by orders of magnitude through 3D printing.
Achieved precise 3D localization of single molecules within cells using the developed DOEs.

Conclusions:

The proposed method significantly simplifies DOE fabrication, making advanced optical elements more accessible.
This approach maintains DOE performance while drastically reducing production costs.
The technology is suitable for ultrasensitive applications, advancing biological imaging capabilities.