Vitreum Etching-Assisted Fabrication of Porous Hollow Carbon Architectures for Enhanced Capacitive Sodium and...

Carbonaceous materials exhibit promising application in electrochemical energy storage especially for hollow or porous structure due to the fascinating and outstanding properties. Although there has been achieved good progress, controllable synthesis of hollow or porous carbons with uniform morphology by a green and easy way is still a challenge. Herein, a new artful and green approach is designed to controllably prepare hollow porous carbon materials with the assistance of boron oxide vitreum under a relatively low temperature of 500 °C. The vitreous B₂ O₃ provides a flowing carbonization environment and acts as etching agent accompanying with boron doping. By this general strategy, hollow and porous carbon architectures with various morphology of spheres and hollow polyhedrons are successfully fabricated by metal organic framework (MOF) precursors. Furthermore, such hollow carbon materials exhibit considerably excellent Na⁺ /K⁺ storage properties through enhanced capacitive behavior due to due to the highly porous structure and large surface area. It is notable that hollow carbon spheres display nearly 90% initial Coulombic efficiency, outstanding rate capability with 130 mAh g^-1 at 30 A g^-1 and long cycling life for sodium ion storage.