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Pressure-Driven and Creep-Enabled Interface Evolution in Sodium Metal Batteries.

Xin Zhang1,2, Q Jane Wang2, Bei Peng1

  • 1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Applying stack pressure improves contact in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Sodium (Na) metal shows better conformal contact with solid-state electrolytes (SEs) than lithium (Li) metal, reducing interfacial resistance and suppressing voids.

Keywords:
All-solid-state batteriescontact elastoplasticitygalvanostaticsolid-state electrolytespecific resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with alkali metal anodes face challenges with interfacial contact.
  • Stack pressure is a known method to improve contact and reduce void formation in ASSBs.
  • Mechanical properties of sodium (Na) and lithium (Li) metals differ, influencing interface evolution under pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D time-dependent model for Na metal and Na-β″-alumina solid-state electrolyte (SE) interfaces.
  • To investigate the pressure-dependent evolution of these interfaces.
  • To compare the behavior of Na metal with Li metal interfaces under pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a three-dimensional time-dependent computational model.
  • Simulated the interface evolution between Na metal and Na-β″-alumina SE under varying stack pressures.
  • Analyzed contact mechanics, including elastoplasticity and creep effects.

Main Results:

  • Na metal exhibits more conformal contact with the SE compared to Li metal, leading to lower interfacial resistance.
  • Contact elastoplasticity effects are more significant than metal creep effects in pressure-dependent interface evolution.
  • Increased stack pressure enhances conformal contact, reducing creep and suppressing void formation.
  • Determined an effective hardness of Na in Na-SE batteries to be 15 MPa, showing excellent agreement with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a validated model for understanding Na-SE interfaces in ASSBs.
  • Contact elastoplasticity is the dominant factor in pressure-dependent void suppression.
  • Na metal's superior interfacial properties under pressure offer advantages for ASSB development.