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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Arginine-dependent immune responses.

Adrià-Arnau Martí I Líndez1, Walter Reith2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. adria-arnau.marti@unige.ch.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arginine is crucial for regulating immune responses by affecting immune cell function and metabolism. Its availability, synthesis, and breakdown influence inflammation and immunity, impacting diseases from infections to cancer.

Keywords:
ArginaseArginase 1Arginase 2Arginine metabolismImmunityImmunometabolismNOSNitric oxide synthase

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Amino acid metabolism

Background:

  • Arginine is vital for immune system regulation and function.
  • It serves as a protein building block and a substrate for key metabolic pathways.
  • Arginine metabolism significantly impacts immune cell biology, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review organismal arginine metabolism pathways in humans and rodents.
  • To examine the functional impact of arginine metabolism on immune cell lineages.
  • To integrate knowledge on arginine metabolism's role in various pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on arginine metabolism and immune function.
  • Analysis of organismal pathways in humans and rodents.
  • Integration of findings on arginine's role in immune cell biology and disease.

Main Results:

  • Arginine metabolism pathways are critical regulators of immune cell function.
  • Fine-tuning of arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism dictates immune outcomes (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory).
  • Disruptions in arginine metabolism are linked to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Arginine metabolism is a central regulatory node in the immune system.
  • Understanding arginine metabolism is key to addressing immune-related diseases.
  • Arginine's role extends from basic immune cell function to complex pathologies.