Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.5K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.6K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.8K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.8K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

3.0K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Attractive Ni<sup>…</sup>O Interactions Enable Non-Alternating Ethylene-Carbon Monoxide Copolymerization.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Nickel Alkyl Complexes for Polymerization Catalysis via Oxidative Addition-Decarbonylation of Phosphinephenol Esters.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Mechanochemically assembled organometallic complexes: a mechanistic study.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Domain Alignment and Solvent Swelling Impact Ion Transport in a Multiblock Copolymer Ionomer.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Environmental chambers for thin film characterization by grazing incidence x-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Enhanced Green Hydrogen Generation via Photocatalytic Water Splitting Using V-Doped Ti-Squarate MOFs.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.5K

Neutral Unsymmetrical Coordinated Cyclophane Polymerization Catalysts.

Eva Schiebel1, Maria Voccia2, Laura Falivene2

  • 1Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a novel cyclophane ligand for metal catalysts, enhancing ethylene polymerization. This new catalyst shows improved activity, temperature stability, and performance in polar solvents, leading to higher molecular weights and controlled branching.

Keywords:
N,O ligandscyclophanesdensity functional calculationsethylene polymerizationhomogeneous catalysis

More Related Videos

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.2K
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.5K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.2K
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Cyclophane structures offer steric control in square-planar d8 -metal catalysts, but were limited to symmetrical ligands.
  • Previous applications of cyclophanes in catalysis were restricted to symmetrically coordinated metals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cyclophane motif in ligands chelating via two different donors (asymmetrical coordination).
  • To investigate the catalytic performance of the novel cyclophane-modified catalyst in ethylene polymerization.

Main Methods:

  • Ligand synthesis involving an ancillary imine in a κ2 -N,O-salicylaldiminato framework.
  • Ring closure via olefin metathesis and selective double bond hydrogenation to form a 30-membered ring.
  • Experimental and theoretical analyses to understand catalyst behavior and steric effects.

Main Results:

  • Efficient synthesis of a 30-membered cyclophane ring using olefin metathesis and hydrogenation.
  • The ancillary imine was found to be sterically directed away from the active site and catalytically inert.
  • The cyclophane catalyst exhibited higher activity, enhanced temperature stability, and improved performance in polar solvents compared to an open structure reference during ethylene polymerization.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for generating cyclophane ligands with asymmetrical coordination was successfully developed.
  • The cyclophane catalyst demonstrated superior performance in ethylene polymerization, attributed to sterically controlled transition states.
  • This approach offers a new strategy for designing advanced catalysts with improved stability and efficiency.