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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
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Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

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Synthesized soliton crystals.

Zhizhou Lu1, Hao-Jing Chen2, Weiqiang Wang1,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.

Nature Communications
|May 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized reconfigurable soliton crystals (SCs) in microcavities, enabling controlled soliton numbers and enhanced comb line power. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for precise measurement and advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Quantum optics
  • Integrated photonics

Background:

  • Dissipative Kerr solitons (DKS) are crucial for frequency combs, but their formation is often stochastic.
  • Controlling soliton number and temporal distribution in microcavities remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate deterministic synthesis of reconfigurable soliton crystals (SCs) in a microcavity.
  • To investigate the manipulation of soliton number and temporal distribution.
  • To enhance the power of soliton crystal comb lines.

Main Methods:

  • Constructing a periodic intra-cavity potential field within a monolithic integrated microcavity.
  • Synthesizing and reconfiguring soliton crystals with controlled soliton numbers (1-32).
  • Analyzing the effects of a traveling potential field on soliton dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Deterministic synthesis of SCs with controllable soliton numbers from 1 to 32 achieved.
  • Ordered temporal distribution of SCs coherently enhanced comb line power by up to 3 orders of magnitude.
  • Forced soliton oscillation observed due to interaction with the traveling potential field.

Conclusions:

  • The development of synthesized and reconfigurable SCs allows for effective manipulation of cavity solitons.
  • Reconfigurable temporal and spectral profiles of SCs offer advantages for applications like photonic radar and satellite communication.