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[Practical considerations in the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases]

Henri Lu1, Roger Hullin1, Patrick Yerly1

  • 1Service de cardiologie, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|May 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors provide cardiovascular and renal benefits for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Recent trials show dapagliflozin and empagliflozin benefit heart failure patients, even without T2DM, but carry risks like ketoacidosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a key drug class.
  • They offer significant cardiovascular (CV) and renal benefits.
  • Current indications include type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • To highlight recent findings on SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Main Methods:

  • This study is an up-to-date narrative literature review.
  • It synthesizes information on SGLT2 inhibitor physiology, clinical use, and safety.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate CV and renal protective effects.
  • Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin show efficacy in HFrEF patients, irrespective of T2DM status.
  • Adverse events include euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and genital mycotic infections.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors are valuable therapeutic agents for T2DM and HFrEF.
  • Understanding their benefits and risks is crucial for optimal patient management.

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