Flexible Electromagnetic Cap for Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Head Imaging

The timely treatment is the crucial element for the survival of patients with brain stroke. Thus, a fast, cost-effective, and portable device is needed for the early and on-the-spot diagnosis of stroke patients. A 3D electromagnetic head imaging system for rapid brain stroke diagnosis with a wearable and lightweight platform is presented. The platform comprises a custom-built flexible cap with a 24-element planar antenna array, and a flexible matching medium layer. The custom-built cap is made out of an engineered polymer-ceramic composite substrate of RTV silicone rubber and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) for enhanced dielectric properties and mechanical flexibility and robustness. The array is arranged into two elliptical rings that are entirely incorporated into the flexible cap. The employed antenna elements within the system are compact with low SAR values over the utilized frequency range of 0.9-2.5 GHz. Moreover, a flexible matching medium layer is introduced on the front of the apertures of the antenna array to enhance the impedance matching with the skin. The detection capability of the system is experimentally verified on 3D realistic head phantoms at multiple imaging scenarios and different types of strokes. The reconstructed 3D and 2D multi-slice images using the beamforming and polar sensitivity encoding (PSE) image processing algorithms indicate the applicability and potential of the system for onsite brain imaging.