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Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: June 2021

Benjamin Zealley, Aubrey D N J de Grey

    Rejuvenation Research
    |May 28, 2021
    PubMed

    Insights

    This review covers advancements in protein disaggregases for neurodegenerative diseases, immunomodulation in diabetes, and microvasculature-on-a-chip models. It also explores immune system surveillance of senescent cells and T cell exhaustion in cancer.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Immunology
    • Cellular Biology
    • Translational Medicine

    Background:

    • Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's involve protein aggregation.
    • Diabetic vascular disease is linked to altered macrophage function.
    • Human disease modeling benefits from advanced in vitro systems.
    • Cellular senescence plays a role in aging and disease.
    • T cell exhaustion impairs anti-tumor and anti-pathogen immunity.
    • Xenotransplantation holds promise for organ shortages.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize recent theses and advancements in key areas of biomedical research.
    • To highlight novel approaches in disease modeling and therapeutic development.
    • To provide an overview of cutting-edge research across multiple scientific disciplines.

    Main Methods:

    • Engineering protein disaggregases to target toxic protein aggregates.
    • Investigating the effects of hyperglycemia on macrophage immunomodulation.
    • Developing and utilizing microvasculature-on-a-chip systems.
    • Analyzing the interplay between the immune system and senescent cells.
    • Studying the role of transcription factor TOX in T cell exhaustion.
    • Exploring translational progress in xenotransplantation.

    Main Results:

    • Protein disaggregases show potential against alpha-synuclein and amyloid-beta toxicity.
    • Hyperglycemia modulates macrophage behavior in diabetic vascular contexts.
    • Microvasculature-on-a-chip systems offer new avenues for disease modeling.
    • Immune surveillance mechanisms for senescent cells are being elucidated.
    • TOX drives a program of CD8+ T cell exhaustion.
    • Significant translational advancements are being made in xenotransplantation.

    Conclusions:

    • Engineering protein disaggregases offers a novel therapeutic strategy for neurotoxicity.
    • Understanding macrophage immunomodulation is crucial for managing diabetic vascular complications.
    • Microvasculature-on-a-chip technology advances human disease modeling.
    • Senescence surveillance is a critical area linking immunity and aging.
    • Targeting TOX may reinvigorate T cell responses in chronic infections and cancer.
    • Xenotransplantation is moving closer to clinical application.
    Keywords:
    agingdissertationstheses

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