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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

798
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
798
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review.

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Immune checkpoint blockade shows promise for advanced colorectal and anal cancers, with some patients achieving complete responses. Further research is needed to personalize this immunotherapy for lower gastrointestinal tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers

Background:

  • Limited treatment options for refractory metastatic colorectal and anal cancers necessitate novel therapies.
  • Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) demonstrates potential in various cancer types.
  • This review evaluates ICB's role in lower gastrointestinal malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current application and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with lower gastrointestinal tumors.
  • To review clinical trial data on ICB for colorectal and anal cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases.
  • Inclusion of English-language clinical trials of ICB for primary lower gastrointestinal tumors.
  • Focus on studies reporting overall survival, progression-free survival, or response to therapy.

Main Results:

  • Ten studies (972 abstracts screened) were included, evaluating ICB in 833 patients with colorectal cancer and 62 with anal cancer.
  • Common ICB agents included pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab, and ipilimumab.
  • Complete responses were observed in 20 colorectal cancer patients and 2 anal cancer patients; partial responses in 111 colorectal and 11 anal cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • A subset of patients with advanced lower gastrointestinal tumors achieved complete responses to ICB.
  • Data suggest potential benefit from first-line or combination immunotherapy for specific patient populations.
  • Further investigation is warranted to individualize immunotherapy treatment strategies for these cancers.