Boosting Formate Production from CO₂ at High Current Densities Over a Wide Electrochemical Potential Window on a SnS...

The flow-cell design offers prospect for transition to commercial-relevant high current density CO₂ electrolysis. However, it remains to understand the fundamental interplay between the catalyst, and the electrolyte in such configuration toward CO₂ reduction performance. Herein, the dramatic influence of electrolyte alkalinity in widening potential window for CO₂ electroreduction in a flow-cell system based on SnS nanosheets is reported. The optimized SnS catalyst operated in 1 m KOH achieves a maximum formate Faradaic efficiency of 88 ± 2% at -1.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with the current density of ≈120 mA cm^-2 . Alkaline electrolyte is found suppressing the hydrogen evolution across all potentials which is particularly dominant at the less negative potentials, as well as CO evolution at more negative potentials. This in turn widens the potential window for formate conversion (>70% across -0.5 to -1.5 V vs RHE). A comparative study to SnOx counterpart indicates sulfur also acts to suppress hydrogen evolution, although electrolyte alkalinity resulting in a greater suppression. The boosting of the electrochemical potential window, along with high current densities in SnS derived catalytic system offers a highly attractive and promising route toward industrial-relevant electrocatalytic production of formate from CO₂ .