Pharmacological intervention in oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders
Sudhanshu Sharma1, Dia Advani1, Ankita Das1
1Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India.
Objectives:
Oxidative stress is a major cellular burden that triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants that modulate signalling mechanisms. Byproducts generated from this process govern the brain pathology and functions in various neurological diseases. As oxidative stress remains the key therapeutic target in neurological disease, it is necessary to explore the multiple routes that can significantly repair the damage caused due to ROS and consequently, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the critical player of oxidative stress that can also be used as a therapeutic target to combat NDDs.
Key Findings:
Several antioxidants signalling pathways are found to be associated with oxidative stress and show a protective effect against stressors by increasing the release of various cytoprotective enzymes and also exert anti-inflammatory response against this oxidative damage. These pathways along with antioxidants and reactive species can be the defined targets to eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of neurological diseases.
Summary:
Herein, we discussed the underlying mechanism and crucial role of antioxidants in therapeutics together with natural compounds as a pharmacological tool to combat the cellular deformities cascades caused due to oxidative stress.
Insights
Oxidative stress contributes to neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Targeting antioxidants and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase offers therapeutic potential for repairing cellular damage and combating NDDs.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cellular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly impacts brain pathology and function in neurological diseases.
- The cellular burden of oxidative stress necessitates exploring therapeutic strategies to mitigate ROS-induced damage.
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is identified as a key mediator of oxidative stress and a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore therapeutic avenues for repairing oxidative stress-induced damage in neurological diseases.
- To investigate the role of antioxidants and their signaling pathways in combating neurodegeneration.
- To highlight nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as a therapeutic target for NDDs.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on oxidative stress mechanisms in neurological diseases.
- Analysis of antioxidant signaling pathways and their cytoprotective effects.
- Discussion of natural compounds as pharmacological tools against oxidative stress.
Main Results:
- Antioxidant signaling pathways demonstrate protective effects against oxidative damage by releasing cytoprotective enzymes.
- These pathways, alongside antioxidants and reactive species, can be targeted to reduce the detrimental effects of neurological diseases.
- The study underscores the importance of antioxidants in therapeutic interventions.
Conclusions:
- Antioxidants play a crucial role in therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
- Natural compounds can serve as valuable pharmacological tools in combating neurodegenerative cascades.
- Targeting oxidative stress pathways, including NADPH oxidase, is essential for managing NDDs.
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