A ROC-based test for evaluating the group difference with an application to neonatal audiology screening

This article proposes a powerful method to compare two samples. The proposed method handles comparison of data by drawing inference from ROC curve model parameters. The method estimates parameters from a linear model framework on the empirical sensitivities and specificities. The consistent ROC parameters are then used to give a more powerful test than existing methods in several situations. In addition, we present a comprehensive statistic based on the Cauchy combination, which works well in all scenarios considered in this article. We also offer an efficient one-layer wild permutation procedure to calculate the P-value of our statistic. The method is particularly useful when the underlying continuous biomarker results are non-normal. We illustrate the proposed methods in a neonatal audiology diagnostic example.