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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia
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Simultaneous cardio-cerebral infarction: a meta-analysis.

T P Ng1, C Wong2, E L E Leong3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, 119228, Singapore.

QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
|May 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) is a rare condition with high mortality. This meta-analysis summarizes 44 cases, highlighting varied treatments like PCI and thrombectomy, and emphasizes the need for optimal strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) involves simultaneous acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.
  • CCI has a low reported incidence (0.0009%) but presents significant treatment challenges due to the time-critical nature of both conditions.
  • Published data on standardized treatment protocols for CCI are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize reported cases of cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) in the medical literature.
  • To identify and analyze the diagnostic and treatment modalities employed in CCI cases.
  • To provide insights into the outcomes and mortality associated with CCI.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted.
  • Literature search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar) up to August 25, 2020.
  • Independent review and data extraction by three authors from case reports and series.

Main Results:

  • 44 CCI cases were identified from 37 publications.
  • Treatments included percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with/without stent (52.3%), cerebral thrombectomy (22.7%), and coronary thrombectomy (18.2%).
  • Medications comprised thrombolytics (45.5%), anticoagulants (22.7%), antiplatelets (18.2%), and combined anticoagulants/antiplatelets (25.0%). Mortality was 22.7%, with most deaths cardiac-related. Median days to death was 2.0, and median modified Rankin Score was 2.0.

Conclusions:

  • Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Current treatment strategies for CCI are diverse, reflecting the complexity of managing simultaneous cardiac and neurological emergencies.
  • Further research is essential to establish optimal diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for CCI patients.