Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

1.2K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.2K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

3.6K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.6K
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

1.0K
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
1.0K
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.4K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.4K
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

663
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
663
Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

842
Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
842

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Self-Poisoning With Prazosin and Its Off-Label Use in Australia, 2014-2024: Analysis of NSW Poisons Information Centre Data.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
Same author

Long-term antipsychotic use and cardiometabolic adverse effects in adults with non-psychotic disorders: A systematic review.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same author

A comprehensive overview of paracetamol poisoning admissions and long-term outcomes in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective linked data cohort (PAVLOVA-3).

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific·2026
Same author

A prospective series of acute rivaroxaban overdose, coagulopathy and bleeding complications (ATOM 11).

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same author

Recommendations from the Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative on the administration of activated charcoal in acute oral overdose.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Unintentional paediatric paracetamol overdose: a retrospective observational study of dosing errors reported to an Australian Poisons Information Centre.

BMC public health·2026
Same journal

Critical Care and Contagion: Evolving Frontiers of Infectious Diseases in the Modern Intensive Care Unit.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Advances and Challenges in Sepsis Care in Low-Resource Settings.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

The Respiratory Triple Pandemic in the Intensive Care Unit: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Management of COVID-19, Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Antibiotic Stewardship for the Intensivist.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Infection Prevention and Control in the Intensive Care Unit.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Antibiotic Considerations in the Critically Ill: Empiric Choices and Dosing.

Critical care clinics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

10.6K

Acetaminophen Poisoning.

Angela L Chiew1, Nicholas A Buckley2

  • 1Clinical Toxicology Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.

Critical Care Clinics
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acetaminophen overdose is a common cause of acute liver injury. Early treatment with activated charcoal and acetylcysteine is crucial for survival in most poisoning cases.

Keywords:
AcetaminophenAcetylcysteineAcute liver injuryHepatotoxicityPoisoning

More Related Videos

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration
05:37

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 31, 2018

12.4K
Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

10.6K
Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration
05:37

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 31, 2018

12.4K
Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute liver injury in Western countries.
  • Management is often straightforward but requires specific protocols.
  • Severe outcomes necessitate timely and appropriate medical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the optimal management strategies for acetaminophen poisoning.
  • To highlight the importance of early intervention and specific treatments.
  • To differentiate management pathways for various overdose scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established treatment protocols for acetaminophen poisoning.
  • Application of the acetaminophen nomogram for immediate-release overdoses.
  • Consideration of modified-release, large/massive, and repeated supratherapeutic ingestions.

Main Results:

  • Early presentation allows for activated charcoal administration.
  • Patients at risk of liver injury benefit from acetylcysteine treatment.
  • Standard protocols ensure high survival rates for most cases.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of acetaminophen poisoning involves early assessment and targeted treatment.
  • Activated charcoal and acetylcysteine are key interventions.
  • Specialized approaches are needed for complex overdose situations, including modified-release formulations and massive ingestions.