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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

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Published on: January 21, 2020

[Complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS].

Kristjan G Gudmundsson¹

¹Reykjalundur, Rehabilitation center, Mosfellsbæ, Iceland.

|May 31, 2021

Summary

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) causes severe pain and sensory changes after minor trauma. While often resolving within two years, some cases have a dire prognosis with persistent, worsening symptoms.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pain Medicine
Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by severe pain, typically in the limbs.
It involves altered pain perception (hyperesthesia, allodynia), edema, skin changes, and dystonia, often triggered by minor trauma.
The exact etiology remains unknown, but inflammation and autoimmune reactions are suspected, involving peripheral and central nervous system sensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the diagnostic criteria and current understanding of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS).
To describe the recommended interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial treatment approach for CRPS.
To review various treatment modalities, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

CRPS incidence review

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Diagnosis based on the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria.
Assessment and management guided by an interdisciplinary team utilizing a biopsychosocial model.
Review of treatment options including anti-inflammatory drugs, neuropathic pain medications, bisphosphonates, mirror therapy, ketamine infusions, and spinal cord stimulation.

Main Results:

The incidence of CRPS is low, with varying rates reported globally (e.g., 5.5 per 100,000 in the US, 1.3 in Iceland).
Interdisciplinary management is considered the preferred approach.
A majority of CRPS cases resolve within two years; however, a significant portion experiences persistent and worsening symptoms.

Conclusions:

CRPS is a rare but severe pain syndrome with complex mechanisms and varied presentation.
An interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial approach is crucial for managing CRPS.
While many patients recover, a subset faces a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for ongoing research and effective long-term management strategies.