Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 4, 2025
06:28
Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
Published on: May 16, 2025
768
CTP synthase is essential for early endosperm development by regulating nuclei spacing
Jinmi Yoon1,2, Lae-Hyeon Cho1,2, Sung-Ryul Kim3
1Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
Plant Biotechnology Journal
|May 31, 2021
Summary
A rice mutant reveals that OsCTPS1 is crucial for early endosperm nuclear division and microtubule organization. Enhancing OsCTPS1 expression increases seed weight, offering a path to greater grain yield.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Molecular Genetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Cereal grains are vital for human nutrition, with endosperm development significantly impacting seed size.
- Early nuclear division in endosperm is critical for seed development but remains poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of OsCTPS1 in rice endosperm development and its impact on nuclear division and seed size.
Main Methods:
- Identification and characterization of the rice mutant endospermless 2 (enl2).
- Analysis of nuclear division, microtubule organization, and OsCTPS1 protein interactions in wild-type and mutant rice endosperms.
- Gene expression analysis through overexpression studies.
Main Results:
- The enl2 mutant exhibits defects in early endosperm nuclear division and abnormal microtubule association.
- OsCTPS1 interacts with tubulins and appears to play a role in microtubule formation and endosperm structure.
- Overexpression of OsCTPS1 led to increased endosperm nuclear division and enhanced seed weight.
Conclusions:
- OsCTPS1 is essential for proper nuclear division and microtubule organization during rice endosperm development.
- OsCTPS1 may function as a structural component, influencing microtubule dynamics.
- Modulating OsCTPS1 activity presents a potential strategy for improving rice grain yield.
More Related Videos
07:48Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae
Published on: October 11, 2022
2.0K
08:31Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves
Published on: December 2, 2016
11.1K
Related Concept Videos
01:02Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition
2.7K
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
2.7K
01:17Gene Regulation During Sporulation
163
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
163
01:11Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane
2.2K
Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
2.2K
02:02Meiosis II
48.2K
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
48.2K
01:59The Phragmoplast
5.5K
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The...
5.5K
02:15Condensins
4.0K
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
4.0K