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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap

Published on: January 11, 2016

Preoperative volume estimation in transverse upper gracilis flap surgery: A pilot study.

Anna R Hurley¹, Giovanni Zoccali², Marios K Tasoulis³

¹Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, United Kingdom.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS

|June 1, 2021

Summary

A new mathematical algorithm accurately predicts transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap volume for breast reconstruction. This tool enhances preoperative planning by providing reliable TUG flap weight estimations.

Keywords:

Breast reconstruction Free flap Gracilis flap Preoperative planning TUG flap

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery
Surgical Planning

Background:

The transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap is a viable alternative for breast reconstruction.
Subjective flap volume estimation poses challenges for preoperative planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reliable and accurate mathematical algorithm for calculating TUG flap volumes.
To improve preoperative planning in TUG flap breast reconstruction.

Main Methods:

A geometric formula based on prism volume was used to estimate flap weights.
Estimated weights were compared to actual intraoperative weights.
A regression equation was derived and validated on a separate cohort.

Main Results:

The prism volume equation demonstrated a strong correlation with actual flap weights (r² = 0.977).
The derived regression formula (predicted TUG weight = 0.924 × geometric weight + 26.601) accurately predicted flap volumes.
Validation showed no significant difference between predicted and actual weights (p = 0.625).

Conclusions:

The proposed formula offers a more accurate and reliable method for estimating TUG flap volume.
This algorithm can aid surgeons in preoperative planning and patient consultations for breast reconstruction.