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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

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Could vagus nerve stimulation influence bone remodeling?

Ahmad Tamimi1, Faleh Tamimi2,3, Malik Juweid4

  • 1Neurosurgery Department, Jordan University Hospital, Jordan.

Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions
|June 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may improve bone mineral density (BMD) in epilepsy patients. Lumbar BMD increased significantly in most patients after VNS implantation, suggesting a potential new osteoporosis treatment.

Keywords:
Bone Mineral DensityEpilepsyOsteoporosisStimulationVagus Nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics
  • Metabolic Bone Disease

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder often treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) loss is a concern in various patient populations.
  • The relationship between VNS and BMD is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with epilepsy.
  • To determine if VNS influences lumbar and femoral BMD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 21 patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent VNS surgery.
  • BMD measurements were taken preoperatively and 6 months to 1 year postoperatively.
  • Lumbar and femoral BMD were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Main Results:

  • Lumbar BMD increased by an average of 4.7% post-VNS, with 61.9% of patients showing an increase greater than the least significant change (LSC).
  • Lumbar Z-scores significantly improved (P=0.006).
  • Femoral BMD showed variable results, with increases in 3 of 11 patients, a decrease in 1, and no change in 7.

Conclusions:

  • Vagus nerve stimulation implantation is associated with increased lumbar BMD in epileptic patients.
  • These findings suggest a potential novel application for VNS in managing osteoporosis.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.