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Oligosaccharide Assembly

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

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Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis

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Microwave-Assisted Automated Glycan Assembly.

José Danglad-Flores¹, Sabrina Leichnitz^1,2, Eric T Sletten¹

¹Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|June 1, 2021

Summary

A new automated synthesizer for carbohydrate synthesis offers precise temperature control for complex glycan assembly. This innovation accelerates the creation of branched, sulfated, and unprotected glycans for biomedical research.

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Area of Science:

Carbohydrate Chemistry
Glycobiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Automated synthesis of DNA, RNA, and peptides are established tools in biomedical research.
Automated glycan assembly (AGA) is complex due to the need for strict regio- and stereocontrol in synthesizing branched carbohydrates.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) synthesizer with enhanced capabilities.
To expand the range of accessible glycans, including branched, sulfated, and unprotected structures.
To improve the efficiency and speed of carbohydrate synthesis for biomedical and material science applications.

Main Methods:

The new AGA synthesizer features rapid temperature adjustment capabilities, ranging from -40 to +100 °C.
It utilizes an extended portfolio of four orthogonal protecting groups, enabling the synthesis of up to four-branched oligosaccharides.
The instrument optimizes coupling cycles, reducing them from 100 to 60 minutes.

Main Results:

The synthesizer enables precise control over glycosylation reactions at low temperatures and accelerates subsequent modification steps at elevated temperatures.
It successfully produces complex oligosaccharides with multiple branches, including sulfated and unprotected glycans.
The efficiency of the synthesis process is significantly improved, with reduced cycle times.

Conclusions:

The developed AGA synthesizer represents a significant advancement in automated carbohydrate synthesis.
It broadens the scope of accessible complex carbohydrates for diverse research fields.
This technology is poised to accelerate discoveries in glycobiology, drug development, and material science.