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Related Concept Videos

Symmetry01:26

Symmetry

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The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin defines all points whose distances from the center maintain a constant ratio between the horizontal and vertical axes. This equation results in a smooth, closed curve that extends further along the x-axis than the y-axis, giving it a horizontal orientation. Such an ellipse demonstrates three kinds of symmetry: across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and about the origin. These symmetries are essential in understanding the graph's structure and...
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Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

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Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

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A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
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Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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Breaking the symmetry to structure light.

Svetlana N Khonina, Ilya Golub

    Optics Letters
    |June 1, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Breaking a light beam's symmetry creates novel focal spot properties, including tunable longitudinal and transverse electrical field components. This method also generates circular polarization and angular momentum, with potential applications in laser machining and particle manipulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Tight focusing of light beams is crucial for various applications.
    • Symmetry in optical systems often leads to predictable focal spot characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate novel light properties generated by breaking the symmetry of a focused beam.
    • To explore the generation of longitudinal and transverse electrical field components and angular momentum.

    Main Methods:

    • Asymmetric illumination of a linearly polarized beam through tight focusing.
    • Obscuring half of the beam or shifting it off-axis.
    • Analyzing the resulting focal spot characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Generation of on-axis longitudinal and transverse electrical field components from a linearly polarized beam.

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  • Tunable intensity ratio of these components by altering beam shift, size, and location.
  • Production of circular polarization, longitudinal spin angular momentum, and orbital angular momentum distributions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Symmetry breaking offers a simple method to engineer complex light fields.
    • The generated co-incident field components with controllable ratios have potential applications in laser machining and particle manipulation.